APOSTOLIC LETTER MISERICORDIA DEI
ON CERTAIN ASPECTS OF THE CELEBRATION OF THE SACRAMENT OF PENANCE
By the mercy of God, the Father who reconciles us
to himself, the Word took flesh in the spotless womb of the Blessed
Virgin Mary to save "his people from their sins" (Mt 1,21)
and to open for them "the way of eternal salvation".
Salvation is above all redemption from sin, which
hinders friendship with God, a liberation from the state of slavery.
Christ grants the Apostles, through the power of
the Holy Spirit, the authority to reconcile repentant sinners with
God: "If you forgive the sins of any, they are forgiven; if you
retain the sins of any, they are retained" (Jn
20,22-23).
In the constant practice of the Church, the
"ministry of reconciliation" (2 Cor 5,18),
conferred through the Sacrament of Penance, has always been seen as
an essential and highly esteemed pastoral duty of the priestly
ministry.
The celebration of the Sacrament of Penance has
developed in different forms, but it has always kept the same basic
structure: it necessarily entails not only the action of the
minister – only a Bishop or priest, who judges and absolves, tends
and heals in the name of Christ – but also the actions of the
penitent: contrition, confession and satisfaction.
It is the face of Christ that must be
rediscovered through the Sacrament of Penance, which for the
faithful is ‘the ordinary way of obtaining forgiveness and the
remission of serious sins committed after Baptism.’
I encourage my Brother Bishops and earnestly
appeal to them – and, through them, to all priests – to
undertake a vigorous revitalization of the Sacrament of
Reconciliation, a requirement of genuine charity and true pastoral
justice.
In the Sacrament it is necessary that the
faithful, as well as being aware of the sins they have committed, of
being sorry for them and resolved not to fall into them again,
should also confess their sins.
In the present circumstances of the care of souls
I consider it useful to recall some of the canonical laws in force
regarding the celebration of this Sacrament and clarify certain
aspects of them.
It is a question of ensuring an ever more
faithful, and thus more fruitful, celebration of the gift entrusted
to the Church by the Lord Jesus after his Resurrection (cf. Jn 20,19-23).
This seems especially necessary, given that in
some places there has been a tendency to abandon individual
confession and wrongly to resort to "general" or
"communal" absolution.
In this case general absolution is no longer seen
as an extraordinary means to be used in wholly exceptional
situations, with consequent serious harm to the spiritual life of
the faithful and to the holiness of the Church.
Thus, conscious of my
pastoral responsibility, I decree the following:
Ordinaries are to remind all the ministers of the
Sacrament of Penance that the universal law of the Church, applying
Catholic doctrine in this area, has established that:
a) "Individual and integral confession
and absolution are the sole ordinary means by which the faithful,
conscious of grave sin, are reconciled with God and the Church; only
physical or moral impossibility excuses from such confession, in
which case reconciliation can be obtained in other ways".
b) Therefore, "all those of whom it is
required by virtue of their ministry in the care of souls are
obliged to ensure that the confessions of the faithful entrusted to
them are heard when they reasonably ask, and that they are given the
opportunity to approach individual confession, on days and at times
set down for their convenience".
Moreover, all priests with faculties to
administer the Sacrament of Penance are always to show themselves
wholeheartedly disposed to administer it whenever the faithful make
a reasonable request.
It is particularly recommended that in places of
worship confessors be visibly present at the advertized times, that
these times be adapted to the real circumstances of penitents, and
that confessions be especially available before Masses.
Since "the faithful are obliged to confess,
according to kind and number, all grave sins committed after Baptism
of which they are conscious after careful examination and which have
not yet been directly remitted by the Church's power of the keys,
nor acknowledged in individual confession", any practice which
restricts confession to a generic accusation of sin or of only one
or two sins judged to be more important is to be reproved.
In the light of and within the framework of the
above norms, the absolution of a number of penitents at once without
previous confession is in fact "exceptional in character"
and "cannot be imparted in a general manner unless:
1. the danger of death is imminent and
there is not time for the priest or priests to hear the confessions
of the individual penitents;
2. a grave necessity exists, that is, when
in light of the number of penitents a supply of confessors is not
readily available to hear the confessions of individuals in an
appropriate way within an appropriate time, so that the penitents
would be deprived of sacramental grace or Holy Communion for a long
time through no fault of their own.
With reference to the case of grave necessity,
the following clarification is made:
a) It refers to situations which are
objectively exceptional.
b) The two conditions set down in the Canon
to determine grave necessity are inseparable: the shortage of
priests and that penitents would otherwise be forced to remain
deprived of sacramental grace "for a long time".
Judgement as to whether there exist the
conditions required by Can. 961 §§1, 2 is not a matter for the
confessor but for "the diocesan Bishop who can determine cases
of such necessity in the light of criteria agreed upon with other
members of the Episcopal Conference".
As regards the personal disposition of penitents,
it should be reiterated that:
a) "For the faithful to avail themselves
validly of sacramental absolution given to many at one time, it is
required that they not only be suitably disposed but also at the
same time intend to confess individually the serious sins which at
present cannot be so confessed".
b) As far as possible, including cases of
imminent danger of death, there should be a preliminary exhortation
to the faithful "that each person take care to make an act of
contrition".
c) It is clear that penitents living in a
habitual state of serious sin and who do not intend to change their
situation cannot validly receive absolution.
I decree that everything I have set down in this
Apostolic Letter shall have full and lasting force.
Given in Rome, at Saint Peter's, on 7 April, the
Second Sunday of Easter, the Feast of Divine Mercy, in the year of
our Lord 2002, the twenty-fourth of my Pontificate.
JOHN PAUL II